Thu, Apr 21, 2016
Whether due to increased investor skepticism, regulators’ need to demonstrate active enforcement, the financial media’s search for a good story, an increase in fraud in the current economy, or a combination of all of the above, affinity frauds have been coming to light more and more frequently.
The scams, most of them classic Ponzi schemes, involve investment in diverse vehicles, including securities, hedge funds, real estate, investment clubs, wines, medical businesses, and others. Many, though, have one thing in common: the victims share some trait with the perpetrators of the fraud. This element in common with the fraudster lulls the victims and makes them more readily trusting of the con artist’s pitch. The perpetrator preys upon that inherent trust of a shared bond. After all, the fraudster is “one of us” and must be “looking out for me.” These are called “affinity frauds.”
In the past year, multiple scams have targeted specifically identifiable groups of victims all around the world. Targets have included those who are geographically connected, such as high-net-worth individuals resident in Portland, Ore., and Los Angeles; investors from certain religious faiths, such as the Evangelical Christian and Mormon communities; members of ethnic groups, such as Persian Jews, or Cuban-, Chinese-, or Korean-Americans; and even the elderly or those with disabilities. Affinity fraud can be based on almost any common bond. Victims in the past have come from groups of pilots, former professional football players, divorcees, wine aficionados, and members of specific interest clubs.
Of particular concern, Harry Markopolos, a forensic accountant who provided the SEC with information regarding Bernie Madoff’s fraud years before he was ultimately caught, just last month warned on ABC News that there are three new multibillion-dollar Ponzi schemes he is tracking and that one of them is bigger than Madoff’s $65 billion fraud. Markopolos has declined to disclose details of the frauds, stating that he wants to provide information to regulatory and enforcement authorities first.
Recently, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) moved against numerous investment frauds targeting specific communities of victims:
Fortunately, most of these situations can be avoided with a combination of a common sense and due diligence. Here are some red flags to watch out for:
An earlier version of this article appeared in the Kroll Global Fraud Report 2009-2010
The Kroll Investigations, Diligence and Compliance team consists of experts in forensic investigations and intelligence, delivering actionable data and insights that help clients worldwide make critical decisions and mitigate risk.